Wednesday, March 23, 2011

COINS OF THE INDIAN PRINCELY STATES

COINS OF INDIA, PAKISTAN, NEPAL & BHUTAN




COINS OF THE INDIAN PRINCELY STATES  

Though the British controlled most of India prior to its independence in 1947, many of the Indian states retained their right to issue coins.  Most coins could only be used within the state they were issued and there was little standardization of the coins or denominations issued from state to state. The result was a bewildering array of coins, many of which have limited mintages.   We have assembled a collection of coins from nine different states. These collections have proved very popular. Because of the difficulty in obtining coins of the Indian States, we sometimes have to vary the exact coins included in the set.  The latest group of sets we made up included are a square Paisa from Bahawalpur,  1/4 Anna of Gwalior that pictures the Maharajah, a 1/4 Anna from Indore that pictures a bull, a paisa from Jodhpur struck during World War II, a coin from Kutch that was issued with a center hole,  an eight-sided 1 Anna from Mewar, a Dokdo from Nawanagar that was struck from about 1570 to 1894 with virtually no change in the design, a 1 Pice coin from Tonk and a tiny 19th century Travencore 1 Cash that pictures a six-pointed star in a circle.  It is a fascinating collection from a fascinating and ancient country.  The coins generally grade Fine to Very Fine.   An identification guide is included with each set.   The exact coins included in the set may vary, depending upon what we have in stock at the time your order is received.

 

BRASS TANKA OF DELHI SULTAN MUHAMMAD III

COINS OF INDIA, PAKISTAN, NEPAL & BHUTAN



BRASS TANKA OF DELHI SULTAN MUHAMMAD III



Muhammad III bin Tughluq ruled much of India from 1325 to 1351AD.  He  was a scholar, calligrapher and an innovative monarch.  Unfortunately  he did not always consider the consequences of his innovations. Vast amounts of his treasury was spent trying to expand and consolidate his realm.  This only encouraged numerous revolts throughout his realm. He forcibly moved his entire capital and all its inhabitants from Delhi to a more central location in the Deccan of central India.   Unfortunately there was insufficient water to support the population, and the capital was returned to Delhi two years later, with great suffering and loss of life of the citizens.  About 1330AD he tried to replace the silver Tanka with this brass Tanka, in an effort to boost his treasury.   The brass Tanka has beautiful calligraphy on both sides, with legends to encourage its citizens to accept the debased currency. His unhappy citizens, forced to accept this token coinage, soon started to counterfeit them in vast numbers.  Foreign traders would not accept the brass Tankas  Within a few years he was forced to return to the silver Tanka, redeeming  both real and fake brass Tankas at a great cost to his treasury.  It is reported that a “mountain” of these brass Tankas remained lying outside the sultanate’s treasuries for over a century.  The coins grade Fine to Very Fine with some green patina.   

DELHI SULTAN ALAUDDIN MOHAMMED II

COINS OF INDIA, PAKISTAN, NEPAL & BHUTAN



DELHI SULTAN ALAUDDIN MOHAMMED II

  Ala al-din (Alauddin) Mohammed II Khaljis was the favorite nephew of Sultan Firoz II.  To repay his Uncle’s kindness, he murdered his Uncle and his son in order to claim the throne of the Delhi Sultans of India in 1296AD.  He plundered the wealth of his nobles and conquered neighboring territories.  He ruthlessly turned back repeated Mongol invasions, saving India from Mongol domination.   This billon (debased silver) Jital (2 Gani) was issued between 1296 and 1316AD. 

 

MEDIEVAL HORSE COIN OF PAKISTAN

COINS OF INDIA, PAKISTAN, NEPAL & BHUTAN


MEDIEVAL HORSE COIN OF PAKISTAN 

This billon (highly debased silver) jital was struck by Nasir al din Mohammed who ruled Sind from 1249 to 1260AD.  Sind is located in south-eastern Pakistan. Sind was once the center of the ancient Indus Valley civilizations. At the time the coin was struck, it was on the edges of competing empires, so was able to re-establish its own independence.   The coin is highly unusual for the period in that it has a clear pictorial design featuring a horse. Some theorize that this signifies the resurgence in the trade of war horses  that had thrived in the area in earlier years before the invasion of Ghenghiz Khan.

MEDIEVAL JITAL OF KANGRA

COINS OF INDIA, PAKISTAN, NEPAL & BHUTAN


MEDIEVAL JITAL OF KANGRA


With the closing of vital trade routes due to the Mongol invasion of Afghanistan, this remote Himalayan town in India developed into a major trading center in the 13th Century, supplying horses to Northern India.  These small (12mm) copper Jitals of Kangra are well struck, however are very crudely engraved.  The design, based on coins that had been in use for centuries, features a very crude Brahma Bull on one side, and a horseman on the other.  The coins were made from about 1220 to 1300 AD.
 

SILVER DRACHM OF THE MAITRAKAS OF VALABHI

COINS OF INDIA, PAKISTAN, NEPAL & BHUTAN

SILVER DRACHM OF THE MAITRAKAS OF VALABHI

 

This medieval silver Drachm is the only coin issued by the Maitrakas of Valabhi.  Senepati Bhatarka, a General in the Gupta army, took advantage of the weakening Gupta Empire. In 470 AD he set up an independent kingdom in Saurashtra, located on the Arabian Sea in western India.  His capital city of Valabhi (now Vala) became a major center for both religious and secular studies. Though Maitrakas dynasty ruled for nearly 300 years, their coins remained unchanged.  The coins, modeled after the Gupta Drachm, have a crude bust of Senepati Bhatarka on the front and a legend and a trident on the reverse.  The crudely made coins are about 10mm in diameter and are often struck partially off-center.  It is a remarkably affordable medieval silver coin.

ANCIENT SILVER PORTRAIT DRACHM

COINS OF INDIA, PAKISTAN, NEPAL & BHUTAN


ANCIENT SILVER PORTRAIT DRACHM 




This ancient silver portrait drachm was struck by Skanda-gupta, who ruled the Gupta Empire from 455 to about 485AD.  The Empire was one of the most famous and prosperous Hindu dynasties of India. The name Skanda is derived from the name Alexander the Great who had marched into India some 700 years earlier.  Skanda was not as successful against his enemies as his namesake, and lost much of his empire to the invading Huns (Hepthalites).  The coin grades Good to Very Good and has a very crude portrait of the Emperor on the obverse.  The reverse has legends and symbols.